Trusted institutions
Who knows what, and where to find them
Every field has organizations that set its standards, run its research, keep its records or teach it best. Here are the ones this site relies on, grouped by what kind of organization they are.
We are not affiliated with any of these organizations. Full profiles are published once we've checked their details against the organization's own website.
Standards and professional bodies
- International
Association for Computing Machinery ACM
Trusted for: Computing
- France
Association française de normalisation AFNOR
- United States
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIAA
Trusted for: Aerospace Engineering
- United States
American Mathematical Society AMS
Trusted for: Mathematics & Logic
- United States
American National Standards Institute ANSI
- United States
American Psychological Association APA
Trusted for: Mind & Language, Psychology
- United States
American Physical Society APS
Trusted for: Matter & Energy
- United States
American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME
- United Kingdom
British Standards Institution BSI
- Europe
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC
- Professional bodyInternational
Cochrane
Trusted for: Medicine
- International
International Astronomical Union IAU
Trusted for: Universe
- International
International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
Trusted for: Technology & Engineering, Electronics, Electricity & Magnetism
- International
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE
Trusted for: Technology & Engineering, Electronics, Communications
- United Kingdom
Institution of Engineering and Technology IET
Trusted for: Technology & Engineering
- United Kingdom
Institute of Physics IOP
Trusted for: Matter & Energy
- International
International Organization for Standardization ISO
Trusted for: Technology & Engineering
- International
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC
Trusted for: Atoms & Chemistry
- United States
Mathematical Association of America MAA
Trusted for: Mathematics & Logic
- United States
National Fire Protection Association NFPA
Trusted for: Technology & Engineering
- Lebanon
Order of Engineers and Architects OEA
Trusted for: Technology & Engineering
- United Kingdom
Royal Institute of British Architects RIBA
Trusted for: Architecture
- United Kingdom
Royal Society of Chemistry RSC
Trusted for: Atoms & Chemistry
- International
SAE International SAE
Trusted for: Aerospace Engineering
- United Kingdom
The Royal Society
Trusted for: Life, Scientific Method
- International
International Union of Architects UIA
Trusted for: Architecture
Government and intergovernmental agencies
- United States
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics BLS
- United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
Trusted for: Body & Health
- International
CERN
Trusted for: Matter & Energy, Modern Physics
- United States
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau CFPB
Trusted for: Personal Finance
- United States
U.S. Department of Energy DOE
Trusted for: Energy Technology
- European Union
European Union Aviation Safety Agency EASA
- United States
U.S. Energy Information Administration EIA
The statistical agency of the US Department of Energy. It collects and explains data on how energy, including electricity, is produced and used.
Trusted for: Energy Technology, Electromagnetic Induction
- Europe
European Space Agency ESA
Trusted for: Universe, Space Exploration
- United States
Federal Aviation Administration FAA
- International
International Monetary Fund IMF
Trusted for: Economics
- International
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC
Trusted for: Weather & Climate
- International
International Telecommunication Union ITU
Trusted for: Communications, Radio
- United States
MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) MedlinePlus
Trusted for: Body & Health
- United Kingdom
MoneyHelper
Trusted for: Personal Finance
- United States
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
NASA is the U.S. federal agency responsible for the civil space program. It opened on October 1, 1958, and today runs human and robotic spaceflight, aeronautics research and science missions that study Earth and the wider universe. Its Glenn Research Center publishes a free Beginner’s Guide to Aeronautics.
Trusted for: Universe, Space Exploration, Aerodynamics, Aerospace Engineering
- United Kingdom
National Health Service NHS
Trusted for: Body & Health
- United States
National Institutes of Health NIH
Trusted for: Body & Health
- United States
National Institute of Mental Health NIMH
Trusted for: Mind & Language, Psychology
- United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST
Trusted for: Matter & Energy, Technology & Engineering
- United States
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA
Trusted for: Planet Earth, Oceans, Weather & Climate
- Canada
National Research Council Canada NRC
- International
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD
Trusted for: Society & Economy, Economics, Education
- International
United Nations UN
Trusted for: Society & Economy, Government & Politics
- International
UNESCO
Trusted for: Mind & Language, Education
- United States
U.S. Geological Survey USGS
Trusted for: Planet Earth, Geology, Natural Hazards
- International
World Health Organization WHO
The World Health Organization is the United Nations agency for health. Founded in 1948, it works with 194 Member States across six regions to promote health, keep the world safe and serve vulnerable people, guided by science.
Trusted for: Body & Health
- International
World Meteorological Organization WMO
Trusted for: Planet Earth, Weather & Climate
- International
World Bank
Trusted for: Society & Economy, Economics
Universities and academic publishers
- JournalInternational
arXiv (preprints) arXiv
- United Kingdom
University of Cambridge Cambridge
- Academic publisherInternational
Glottolog (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology) Glottolog
Trusted for: Mind & Language, Languages & Linguistics
- UniversityUnited States
HyperPhysics (Georgia State University) HyperPhysics
- Academic publisherUnited States
LibreTexts
- UniversityUnited Kingdom
MacTutor History of Mathematics (University of St Andrews) MacTutor
Trusted for: Mathematics & Logic
- UniversityCanada
McGill University Office for Science and Society McGill OSS
Trusted for: Matter & Energy
- United States
MIT OpenCourseWare MIT OCW
- UniversityUnited States
Molecular Expressions (National MagLab and Florida State University) Molecular Expressions
A long-running optical microscopy and light-and-color education site run by the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's optical microscopy group at Florida State University. Its Light and Color pages explain reflection, refraction, lenses and other properties of light.
Trusted for: Matter & Energy
- United States
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (National MagLab) National MagLab
A US national laboratory for magnet research, funded by the National Science Foundation and operated by Florida State University with partners. Its Magnet Academy explains the science and history of electricity and magnetism.
Trusted for: Electricity & Magnetism, Magnetism
- JournalInternational
Nature (Springer Nature) Nature
Trusted for: Matter & Energy
- UniversityUnited States
Oberlin College (Department of Physics) Oberlin Physics
- Academic publisherUnited States
OpenStax (Rice University) OpenStax
- United States
PhET Interactive Simulations (University of Colorado Boulder) PhET
- UniversityUnited States
Rutgers University Rutgers
- Academic publisherUnited States
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy SEP
Trusted for: Ideas & Beliefs, Philosophy, Ethics
- UniversityUnited States
University of Kentucky, Department of Mathematics (course notes) Univ. of Kentucky Math
- UniversityUnited Kingdom
University of York (Department of Mathematics) York Maths
Museums, libraries and archives
- Museum / archiveUnited Kingdom
British Film Institute BFI
Trusted for: Film, Arts & Culture
- Museum / archiveUnited States
Computer History Museum CHM
Trusted for: Computing, Electronics
- Museum / archiveUnited States
J. Paul Getty Museum Getty
Trusted for: History
- United States
Library of Congress
Trusted for: History
- United States
U.S. National Archives NARA
Trusted for: History
- Museum / archiveUnited Kingdom
Natural History Museum, London NHM
- Museum / archiveUnited Kingdom
Royal Museums Greenwich RMG
Trusted for: Age of Exploration, Celestial Navigation, History
- Museum / archiveUnited Kingdom
Science and Industry Museum (Science Museum Group) Science and Industry Museum
Trusted for: History, Technology & Engineering
- Museum / archiveUnited States
Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian
- Museum / archiveUnited Kingdom
Tate Tate
Trusted for: Arts & Culture, Visual Arts
- Museum / archiveUnited Kingdom
The British Museum
Trusted for: History, Arts & Culture, Ancient World
- Museum / archiveUnited States
The Metropolitan Museum of Art The Met
Trusted for: Arts & Culture, Visual Arts
Official documentation
- International
Arduino
Trusted for: Arduino
- International
Intel
- International
STMicroelectronics ST